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The Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms and is the foundation of life on earth.
A cell can be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic.
Prokaryotic cells are found in lower organisms called prokaryotes such as bacteria. Prokaryotes are usually unicellular.
Eukaryotic cells are found in higher forms of life collectively known as eukaryotes which can be both unicellular or multicellular. Unicellular prokaryotes include certain algae, protozoans and fungi. Multicellular eukaryotes include many living organisms including both plants and animals.
The eukaryotic cells found in plants are know as plant cells while those found in animals are known as animal cells
A typical eukaryotic cell is usually a microscopic structure composed of a cell membrane with or without a cell wall that encloses a protoplasm. Embedded in the protoplasm are numerous sub cellular structures called cell organelles along with a centrally located membrane bound Nucleus.
A Eukaryotic plant cell differs from a eukaryotic animal cell in the presence of a definite cell wall primarily made of cellulose in plant cells.
A prokaryotic cell differs from a eukaryotic cell mainly in the absence of a definite membrane bound nucleus or membrane bound cell organelles in prokaryotic cells.
In this video, we’ll be preparing a temporary stained slide mount of a Eukaryotic animal cell using human cheek epithelial cells as our material, and make a rough study of the various parts of the cell that are discernible under the compound light microscope.
For this experiment, we’ll need the following:
Human cheek epithelial cells
Methylene blue stain solution
Glass slides and coverslips
Droppers
Tweezers and pins
Toothpick
Blotting paper strips.
Glycerine
Compound light microscope
• To begin the experiment, take a toothpick and gently scrape the inner wall of your cheek.
• Place the scrapings in a glass slide
• Add a drop of methylene blue solution and allow the cells to take up the stain for 2-3minutes.
• Now carefully blot out some amount of excess stain if necessary while making sure to avoid blotting out the cheek cells as much as possible.
• Now add a drop of glycerine to the slide.
• Gently lower a coverslip on the specimen while making sure to avoid trapping any air bubbles.
• Observe the slide under low and high power of the microscope.
• Human cheek epithelial cells are a fine example of eukaryotic animal cell. The cheek epithelial cells, like most animal cells, are irregular in shape and structural outline.
• They are composed of a thin cell membrane that encloses a cytoplasm along with a large centrally located oval shaped nucleus. The cell organelles are embedded withing the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm also contains numerous cytoplasmic granules.
• You may also be able to observe deeply stained dots on the surface of the cheek cells. These are bacterial cells of the o**l cavity.
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